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Birth:          Apr 1272 Acre, Palestine
Death:          23 Apr 1307 Clare, Suffolk, England
Burial:         26 Apr 1307 Austin Friars' Church, Clare, Suffolk, England

Notes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_of_Acre
Joan of Acre (April 1272 – 23 April 1307) was an English princess, a daughter of King 
Edward I of England and Queen Eleanor of Castile.[2] The name "Acre" derives from 
her birthplace in the Holy Land while her parents were on a crusade.

She was married twice; her first husband was Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Gloucester, 
one of the most powerful nobles in her father's kingdom; her second husband was 
Ralph de Monthermer, a squire in her household whom she married in secret.

Joan is most notable for the claim that miracles have allegedly taken place at her 
grave, and for the multiple references to her in literature.
Birth and childhood[edit]

Joan (or Joanna, as she is sometimes called) of Acre was born in the spring of 1272 in 
the Kingdom of Acre, Outremer, now in modern Israel, while her parents, Edward I and 
Eleanor of Castile, were on crusade.[3] At the time of Joan's birth, her grandfather, 
Henry III, was still alive and thus her father was not yet king of England. Her parents 
departed from Acre shortly after her birth, traveling to Sicily and Spain[4] before 
leaving Joan with Eleanor's mother, Joan, Countess of Ponthieu, in France.[5] Joan 
lived for several years in France where she spent her time being educated by a bishop 
and “being thoroughly spoiled by an indulgent grandmother.”[6] Joan was free to play 
among the “vine clad hills and sunny vales”[7] surrounding her grandmother’s home, 
although she required “judicious surveillance.”[8]

As Joan was growing up with her grandmother, her father was back in England, 
already arranging marriages for his daughter. He hoped to gain both political power 
and more wealth with his daughter's marriage, so he conducted the arrangement in a 
very “business like style”.[9] He finally found a man suitable to marry Joan (aged 5 at 
the time), Hartman, son of King Rudolph I, of Germany. Edward then brought her home 
from France for the first time to meet him.[10] As she had spent her entire life away 
from Edward and Eleanor, when she returned she “stood in no awe of her parents”[6] 
and had a fairly distanced relationship with them.

Unfortunately for King Edward, his daughter’s suitor died before he was able to meet 
or marry Joan. The news reported that Hartman had fallen through a patch of shallow 
ice while “amusing himself in skating” while a letter sent to the King himself stated that 
Hartman had set out on a boat to visit his father amidst a terrible fog and the boat had 
smashed into a rock, drowning him.[11]

First marriage[edit]

Edward arranged a second marriage almost immediately after the death of Hartman.
[12] Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester, who was almost thirty years older than Joan 
and newly divorced, was his first choice.[13] The earl resigned his lands to Edward 
upon agreeing to get them back when he married Joan, as well as agreed on a dower 
of two thousand silver marks.[14] By the time all of these negotiations were finished, 
Joan was twelve years old.[14] Gilbert de Clare became very enamored with Joan, and 
even though she had to marry him regardless of how she felt, he still tried to woo her.
[15] He bought her expensive gifts and clothing to try to win favor with her.[16] The 
couple were married on 30 April 1290 at Westminster Abbey, and had four children 
together.[17] They were:
1.Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Hertford
2.Eleanor de Clare
3.Margaret de Clare
4.Elizabeth de Clare

Joan's first husband, Gilbert de Clare died on 7 December 1295.[18]

Secret second marriage[edit]

Joan had been a widow for only a little over a year when she caught the eye of Ralph 
de Monthermer, a squire in Joan’s father’s household.[19] Joan fell in love and 
convinced her father to have Monthermer knighted. It was unheard of in European 
royalty for a noble lady to even converse with a man who had not won or acquired 
importance in the household. However, in January 1297 Joan secretly married [20] 
Ralph. Joan's father was already planning another marriage for Joan to Amadeus V, 
Count of Savoy,[20] to occur 16 March 1297. Joan was in a dangerous predicament, 
as she was already married, unbeknownst to her father.

Joan sent her four young children to their grandfather, in hopes that their sweetness 
would win Edward's favor, but her plan did not work.[21] The king soon discovered his 
daughter's intentions, but not yet aware that she had already committed to them,[18] 
he seized Joan’s lands and continued to arrange her marriage to Amadeus of Savoy.
[17] Soon after the seizure of her lands, Joan told her father that she had married 
Ralph. The king was enraged and retaliated by immediately imprisoning Monthermer at 
Bristol Castle.[17] The people of the land had differing opinions on the princess’ 
matter. It has been argued that the ones who were most upset were those who wanted 
Joan’s hand in marriage.[22]

With regard to the matter, Joan famously said, “It is not considered ignominious, nor 
disgraceful for a great earl to take a poor and mean woman to wife; neither, on the 
other hand, is it worthy of blame, or too difficult a thing for a countess to promote to 
honor a gallant youth.”[23] Joan's statement in addition to a possibly obvious 
pregnancy seemed to soften Edward’s attitude towards the situation.[22] Joan's first 
child by Monthermer was born in October 1297; by the summer of 1297, when the 
marriage was revealed to Edward I, Joan's condition would certainly have been 
apparent, and would have convinced Edward that he had no choice but to recognize 
his daughter's marriage. Edward I eventually relented for the sake of his daughter and 
released Monthermer from prison in August 1297.[17] Monthermer paid homage 2 
August, and being granted the titles of Earl of Gloucester and Earl of Hertford, he rose 
to favour with the King during Joan's lifetime.[24]

Monthermer and Joan had four children:
1.Mary de Monthermer, born October 1297. In 1306 her grandfather King Edward I 
arranged for her to wed Duncan Macduff, 8th Earl of Fife.
2.Joan de Monthermer, born 1299, became a nun at Amesbury.
3.Thomas de Monthermer, 2nd Baron Monthermer, born 1301.
4.Edward de Monthermer, born 1304 and died 1339.

Relationship with family[edit]

Joan of Acre was the seventh of Edward I and Eleanor’s fourteen children. Most of 
her older siblings died before the age of seven, and many of her younger siblings died 
before adulthood.[25] Those who survived to adulthood were Joan, her younger 
brother, Edward of Caernarfon (later Edward II), and four of her sisters: Eleanor, 
Margaret, Mary, and Elizabeth.[26]

Joan, like her siblings, was raised outside her parents' household. She lived with her 
grandmother in Ponthieu for four years, and was then entrusted to the same caregivers 
who looked after her siblings.[27] Edward I did not have a close relationship with most 
of his children while they were growing up, yet “he seemed fonder of his daughters 
than his sons.”[26]

However, Joan of Acre’s independent nature caused numerous conflicts with her 
father. Her father disapproved of her leaving court after her marriage to the Earl of 
Gloucester, and in turn “seized seven robes that had been made for her.”[28] He also 
strongly disapproved of her second marriage to Ralph de Monthermer, a squire in her 
household, even to the point of attempting to force her to marry someone else.[28][29] 
While Edward ultimately developed a cordial relationship with Monthermer, even giving 
him the title of Earl,[28] there appears to have been a notable difference in the 
Edward’s treatment of Joan as compared to the treatment of the rest of her siblings. 
For instance, her father famously paid messengers substantially when they brought 
news of the birth of grandchildren, but did not do this upon birth of Joan’s daughter.
[30]

In terms of her siblings, Joan kept a fairly tight bond. She and Monthermer both 
maintained a close relationship with her brother, Edward, which was maintained 
through letters. After Edward became estranged from his father and lost his royal seal, 
“Joan offered to lend him her seal” .[31]

Death[edit]

Joan died on 23 April 1307, at the manor of Clare in Suffolk.[24] The cause of her 
death remains unclear, though one popular theory is that she died during childbirth, a 
common cause of death at the time. While Joan's age in 1307 (about 35) and the 
chronology of her earlier pregnancies with Ralph de Monthermer suggest that this 
could well be the case, historians have not confirmed the cause of her death.[32]

Less than four months after her death, Joan’s father died. Joan's widower, Ralph de 
Monthermer, lost the title of Earl of Gloucester soon after the deaths of his wife and 
father-in-law. The earldom of Gloucester was given to Joan’s son from her first 
marriage, Gilbert, who was its rightful holder. Monthermer continued to hold a nominal 
earldom in Scotland, which had been conferred on him by Edward I, until his death.

Joan’s burial place has been the cause of some interest and debate. She is interred in 
the Augustinian priory at Clare, which had been founded by her first husband's 
ancestors and where many of them were also buried. Allegedly, in 1357, Joan’s 
daughter, Elizabeth De Burgh, claimed to have “inspected her mother's body and 
found the corpse to be intact,”,[32] which in the eyes of the Roman Catholic Church is 
an indication of sanctity. This claim was only recorded in a fifteenth-century chronicle, 
however, and its details are uncertain, especially the statement that her corpse was in 
such a state of preservation that "when her paps [breasts] were pressed with hands, 
they rose up again." Some sources further claim that miracles took place at Joan's 
tomb,[32] but no cause for her beatification or canonization has ever been introduced.

Joan in fiction[edit]

Joan of Acre makes an appearance in Virginia Henley's historical romance, entitled 
Infamous. In the book, Joan, known as Joanna, is described as a promiscuous young 
princess, vain, shallow and spoiled. In the novel she is only given one daughter, when 
she historically has eight children. There is no evidence that supports this picture of 
Joan.[33]

In The Love Knot by Vanessa Alexander, Edward the II’s sister, Joan of Acre is an 
important heroine. The author portrays a completely different view of the princess than 
the one in Henley’s novel. The Love Knot tells the story of the love affair between 
Ralph de Monthermer and Joan of Acre through the discovery of a series of letters the 
two had written to each other.[34]

Between historians and novelists, Joan has appeared in various texts as either an 
independent and spirited woman or a spoiled brat. In Lives of the Princesses of 
England by Mary Anne Everett Green, Joan is portrayed as a “giddy princess” and 
neglectful mother.[35] Many have agreed to this characterization; however, some 
authors think there is little evidence to support the assumption that Joan of Acre was 
a neglectful or uncaring mother.[36]

Parents
PLANTAGENET Edward I "Longshanks" (17 Jun 1239 - 7 Jul 1307)
OF CASTILE Eleanor (Leonor) (1244 - 28 Nov 1290)

Siblings
____ Joan of Acre (Apr 1272 - 23 Apr 1307)
PLANTAGENET Elizabeth (7 Aug 1282 - 5 May 1316)
____ Edward II (25 Apr 1284 - 21 Sep 1327)

Marriage To DE CLARE Gilbert "the Red Earl" (2 Sep 1243 - 7 Dec 1295)
    m. 30 Apr 1290 

Notes

Parents
DE CLARE Richard (4 Aug 1222 - 14 Jul 1262)
DE LACY Maud (25 Jan 1223 - 10 Mar 1289)

Children by DE CLARE Gilbert "the Red Earl" 2 Sep 1243 - 7 Dec 1295
DE CLARE Eleanor (Alianor) (3 Oct 1292 - 30 Jun 1337)
DE CLARE Margaret (12 Oct 1293 - 9 Apr 1342)
DE CLARE Elizabeth (16 Sep 1295 - 4 Nov 1360)

Marriage To DE MONTHERMER Ralph (ABT 1275 - )
    m. Jan 1297 Akko, Hazafon, Palestine

Notes


Children by DE MONTHERMER Ralph ABT 1275 - 
DE MONTHERMER Thomas (ABT 1306 - 24 Jun 1340)

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