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Birth:          1 May 1245 Poissy, Ile de France, France
Death:          5 Oct 1285 Perpignan, Toulouse, France
Burial:         BEF 31 Oct 1285 St. Denis, Ile de France, France

Notes
m by permission of Pope Urban IV
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_III_of_France
Philip III (30 April 1245 – 5 October 1285), called the Bold (French: le Hardi),[1] was 
King of France from 1270 to 1285, a member of the House of Capet.

Philip proved indecisive, soft in nature, and timid. The strong personalities of his 
parents apparently crushed him, and policies of his father dominated him. People 
called him "the Bold" on the basis of his abilities in combat and on horseback and not 
on the basis of his political or personal character. He was pious but not cultivated. He 
followed the suggestions of others, first of Pierre de La Broce and then of his uncle 
King Charles I of Naples, Sicily, and Albania.

His father, Louis IX, died in Tunis during the Eighth Crusade. Philip, who was 
accompanying him, came back to France to claim his throne and was anointed at 
Reims in 1271.

Philip made numerous territorial acquisitions during his reign, the most notable being 
the County of Toulouse which was annexed to the Crown lands of France in 1271. 
Following the Sicilian Vespers, a rebellion triggered by Peter III of Aragon against 
Philip's uncle Charles I of Naples, Philip led an unsuccessful Aragonese Crusade in 
support of his uncle. Philip was forced to retreat and died from dysentry in Perpignan 
in 1285. He was succeeded by his son Philip the Fair.
Biography[edit]

Early life[edit]

Philip was born in Poissy to King Saint Louis IX of France[2] and Margaret of 
Provence, queen consort of France. As a younger son, Philip was not expected to rule 
a kingdom. At the death of his elder brother Louis in 1260, he became the heir to the 
throne. He was then 15 years old and has less skill than his brother, being of a gentle 
character, submissive, timid and versatile, almost crushed by the strong personalities 
of his parents.

His mother Margaret made him promise to remain under her tutelage until the age of 
30, but his father King Louis had him released from this oath by the pope, preferring to 
improve his son through education. Pope Urban IV released Philip from his oath on 
June 6, 1263. From 1268 Pierre de La Brosse became mentor. Saint Louis also 
provided him his own advice, writing in particular Enseignements, which inculcate 
primarily the notion of justice as the first duty of the king. He also received a very 
faith-oriented education. Guillaume d'Ercuis was also his chaplain before being the 
tutor of his son, the future king Philip IV.

Advent of Sorrow[edit]

Following the Treaty of Corbeil (1258), concluded on March 11, 1258 between James I 
of Aragon and his father, Philip was married in 1262 to Isabella of Aragon in Clermont 
by the archbishop of Rouen Eudes Rigaud. As Count of Orléans, he accompanied his 
father to the Eighth Crusade in Tunis, 1270. Shortly before his departure, St. Louis 
had given the regency of the kingdom into the hands of Mathieu de Vendôme and 
Simon II de Clermont-Nesle, Count of Clermont, to whom he had also entrusted the 
royal seal. After taking Carthage, the army was struck by an epidemic of dysentery, 
which spared neither Philip nor his family. His brother John Tristan, Count of Valois 
died first, on August 3, and on August 25 the king died.[3] To prevent putrefaction of 
the remains of the sovereign, they recoursed to Mos Teutonicus.

Philip, then 25 years old, was proclaimed king in Tunis. With neither great personality 
or will, very pious, but a good rider, he owed his nickname of "Bold" to his valor in 
combat than strength of character. He was unable to command the troops at the death 
of his father. He left his uncle Charles I of Naples to negotiate with Muhammad I al-
Mustansir, Hafsid Sultan of Tunis; there was a truce of ten years which allowed him to 
return to France. He got the payment of tribute from the caliph of Tunis in exchange 
for the departure of the crusaders. A treaty was concluded October 28, 1270 between 
the kings of France, Sicily and Navarre and the barons on one hand and the caliph of 
Tunis on the other.

Other deaths followed this debacle. In December, in Trapani, Sicily, the brother-in-law 
of Philip, King Theobald II of Navarre is dead. He was quickly followed to the grave 
by Philip's sister Isabella. Finally, a month later, in Calabria, his wife Isabella, while 
pregnant with their fifth child, fell off her horse. She broke her spine, miscarried and 
died in terrible pain at Cosenza.

Philip III arrived in Paris on May 21, 1271, and made foremost tribute to the deceased. 
The next day the funeral of his father was held. The new sovereign was crowned King 
of France in Reims 15 August 1271.

Inheritances[edit]

Alphonse, Count of Poitiers and Toulouse, uncle of the newly crowned king Philip III, 
returning from the crusade, died childless in Italy on 21 August 1271. Philip inherited 
the counties from his uncle and united them to the Crown lands of France, the royal 
domain. His inheritance included a portion of Auvergne, then the Terre royale 
d'Auvergne, later the Duchy of Auvergne. In accordance with wishes of Alphonse, he 
granted the Comtat Venaissin to Blessed Pope Gregory X in 1274. This inheritance 
also included the Agenais. Several years of negotiations yielded the Treaty of Amiens 
(1279) with King Edward I of England, which restored this territory to the English.

Sicilian Vespers[edit]

King Philip III of France meanwhile supported policy of his uncle, King Charles I of 
Naples, Sicily, and Albania, in Italy.

King Peter III of Aragon and Valencia in 1282 triggered the Sicilian Vespers rebellion 
against King Charles I of Naples, Sicily, and Albania. The success of rebellion and 
invasion led to the coronation of Peter III of Aragon as king of Sicily therefore 
beginning the dynasty of the House of Barcelona in Sicily.

King Peter II of Aragon in 1205 put his realm under the suzerainty of the pope. Pope 
Martin IV excommunicated king Peter III of Aragon, the conqueror, and declared his 
kingdom forfeit.[4] The pope then granted Aragon to Charles, Count of Valois, son of 
Philip III, king of France.

Family matters[edit]

Joan I of Navarre, daughter of the deceased king Henry I of Navarre, reigned as 
queen regnant of Navarre. Philip IV of France, son of Philip III and heir to the French 
throne, took her as his wife in 1284 per the Treaty of Orléans signed by Philip III and 
Joan's mother, Blanche of Artois.

In 1284, Peter, Count of Perche and Alençon, died without surviving children; 
therefore, his oldest living brother, Philip III, king of France, inherited his domains.

Philip III of France in 1284 responded to the Sicilian Vespers in support of his partially 
dethroned uncle. With his sons, the king entered Roussillon at the head of a large 
army on the ultimately unsuccessful Aragonese Crusade. The war took the name 
"crusade" from its papal sanction; nevertheless, one historian labelled it "perhaps the 
most unjust, unnecessary and calamitous enterprise ever undertaken by the Capetian 
monarchy.".[5] On 26 June 1285, Philip III the Bold entrenched himself before Girona 
in an attempt to besiege the city. Despite the strong resistance, the French took 
Girona on 7 September 1285.

Philip quickly experienced a reversal, however, as an epidemic of dysentery hit hard 
the French camp. The disease afflicted king Philip III personally. The French 
retreated, and the Aragonese enemy handily defeated the French at the Battle of the 
Col de Panissars on 1 October 1285.

Philip III died of dysentery in Perpignan, the capital of his ally James II of Majorca, on 
5 October 1285. His son, Philip IV of France the Fair, succeeded him as king of 
France. The attempt of Philip to conquer Aragon nearly bankrupted the French 
monarchy, causing challenges for his successor.[6]

Following the Mos Teutonicus custom, his body was divided in several parts buried in 
different places : the flesh was sent to the Narbonne Cathedral, the entrails to La Noë 
abbey in Normandy, his heart to the now-demolished church of the Couvent des 
Jacobins in Paris and his bones to Basilica of St Denis, at the time north of Paris.[7]

Review from Dante[edit]

In Divine Comedy, Dante envisions the spirit of Philip outside the gates of Purgatory 
with a number of other contemporary European rulers. Dante does not name Philip 
directly, but refers to him as "the small-nosed"[8] and "the father of the Pest of 
France," a reference to king Philip IV of France.

Marriage and children[edit]

On 28 May 1262, Philip married Isabella, daughter of King James I of Aragon and his 
second wife Yolande of Hungary.[9] They had the following children:
1.Louis (died May 1276). He was poisoned, possibly by orders of his stepmother.
2.Philip IV of France (1268 – 29 November 1314), his successor, married Joan I of 
Navarre
3.Robert (1269–1271)
4.Charles, Count of Valois (12 March 1270 – 16 December 1325), Count of Valois from 
1284, married first to Margaret of Anjou in 1290, second to Catherine I of Courtenay in 
1302, and last to Mahaut of Chatillon in 1308
5.Stillborn son (1271)

After death of Queen Isabella, he married on 21 August 1274 Marie, daughter of the 
late Henry III, Duke of Brabant, and Adelaide of Burgundy, Duchess of Brabant. Their 
children were:
1.Louis, Count of Évreux (May 1276 – 19 May 1319), Count of Évreux from 1298, 
married Margaret of Artois
2.Blanche of France, Duchess of Austria (1278 – 19 March 1305, Vienna), married the 
duke, the future king Rudolf I of Bohemia and Poland, on 25 May 1300.
3.Margaret of France, Queen of England (1282 – 14 February 1318), married king 
Edward I of England on 8 September 1299

Parents
____ Louis IX "Saint Louis" (25 Apr 1215 - 25 Aug 1270)
DE PROVENCE Margaret (Marguerite) (1221 - 21 Dec 1295)

Siblings
____ Philippe III "le Hardi" ("the Bold") (1 May 1245 - 5 Oct 1285)

Marriage To OF ARAGON Isabel (1248 - 28 Jan 1271)
    m. 28 May 1262 Clermont, Auvergne, France her 1st

Notes

Parents
____ Jaime I "The Conqueror" (1 Feb 1207 - 25 Jul 1276)
____ Yolande (Jolan) (ABT 1215 - 12 Oct 1251)

Children by OF ARAGON Isabel 1248 - 28 Jan 1271
CAPET Philippe IV "le Bel" (1268 - 29 Nov 1314)
OF VALOIS Charles I (12 Mar 1270 - 16 Dec 1325)

Marriage To DE BRABANT Marie (1260 - 12 Jan 1321)
    m. 1274 

Notes

Parents
____ Henri III (1230 - 28 Feb 1261)
DE BURGUNDY Adelaide (Alix) (ABT 1233 - 23 1273)

Children by DE BRABANT Marie 1260 - 12 Jan 1321
OF FRANCE Margaret (Marguerite) (1282 - 14 Feb 1318)

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