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Birth:          1281 of Grismond Castle, Monmouthshire, Wales
Death:          22 Sep 1345 Monastery of Canons, England
Burial:         Monastery of Canons, England

Notes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry,_3rd_Earl_of_Lancaster
Henry, 3rd Earl of Leicester and Lancaster (c. 1281 – 22 September 1345) was a 
grandson of King Henry III (1216-1272) of England and was one of the principals 
behind the deposition of King Edward II (1307-1327), his first cousin.
Origins[edit]

He was the younger son of Edmund Crouchback, 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of 
Leicester,[1] a son of King Henry III by his wife Eleanor of Provence. Henry's mother 
was Blanche of Artois, Queen Dowager of Navarre.

Henry's elder brother Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster, succeeded their father in 1296, 
but Henry was summoned to Parliament on 6 February 1298/99 by writ directed to 
Henrico de Lancastre nepoti Regis ("Henry of Lancaster, nephew of the king", 
Edward I), by which he is held to have become Baron Lancaster. He took part in the 
Siege of Caerlaverock in July 1300.

Petition for succession and inheritance[edit]

After a period of longstanding opposition to King Edward II and his advisors, including 
joining two open rebellions, Henry's brother Thomas was convicted of treason, 
executed and had his lands and titles forfeited in 1322. Henry did not participate in his 
brother's rebellions; he later petitioned for his brother's lands and titles, and on 29 
March 1324 he was invested as Earl of Leicester. A few years later, shortly after his 
accession in 1327, the young Edward III of England returned the earldom of Lancaster 
to him, along with other lordships such as that of Bowland.

Revenge[edit]

On the Queen's return to England in September 1326 with Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of 
March, Henry joined her party against King Edward II, which led to a general desertion 
of the king's cause and overturned the power of Hugh le Despenser, 1st Earl of 
Winchester, and his namesake son Hugh the younger Despenser.

He was sent in pursuit and captured the king at Neath in South Wales. He was 
appointed to take charge of the king and was responsible for his custody at 
Kenilworth Castle.

Full restoration and reward[edit]

Henry was appointed "chief advisor" for the new king Edward III of England,[2] and 
was also appointed captain-general of all the king's forces in the Scottish Marches.[3] 
He was appointed Constable of Lancaster Castle and High Sheriff of Lancashire in 
1327. He also helped the young king to put an end to Mortimer's regency and tyranny, 
also had him declared a traitor and executed in 1330.

Loss of sight[edit]

In about the year 1330, he became blind.

Later life and death[edit]

Henry spent the last fifteen years of his life at Leicester Castle. There he founded a 
hospital for the poor and infirm in an extension of the castle bailey. It became known 
as the Newarke, and Henry was buried in the hospital chapel when he died in 1345. 
The king and queen attended his funeral. His son Henry of Grosmont, first Duke of 
Lancaster, had his father's remains moved to the collegiate Church of the 
Annunciation of Our Lady of the Newarke, which he had built when he enhanced his 
father's foundation.[4][5]

Nickname[edit]

According to Froissart, he was nicknamed Wryneck, or Tort-col in French, possibly 
due to a medical condition.[citation needed]

Succession[edit]

He was succeeded as Earl of Lancaster and Leicester by his eldest son, Henry of 
Grosmont, who subsequently became Duke of Lancaster.

Issue[edit]

He married Maud Chaworth, before 2 March 1296/1297.[6]

Henry and Maud had seven children:
Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster, (about 1300–1360/61)
Blanche of Lancaster, Baroness Wake of Liddell, (about 1305–1380) married Thomas 
Wake, 2nd Baron Wake of Liddell
Maud of Lancaster, (about 1310–1377); married William de Burgh, 3rd Earl of Ulster 
and had descendants.
Joan of Lancaster, (about 1312–1345); married John de Mowbray, 3rd Baron Mowbray 
and had descendants
Isabel of Lancaster, Abbess of Amesbury, (about 1317-after 1347)
Eleanor of Lancaster, (about 1318–1371/72) married (1) John De Beaumont and (2) 5 
Feb. 1344/5, Richard FitzAlan, 10th Earl of Arundel and had descendants
Mary of Lancaster, (about 1320–1362), who married Henry de Percy, 3rd Baron Percy, 
and was the mother of Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland.

Titles, styles, honours and arms[edit]

Arms[edit]

Prior to his restoration to his earldoms, Henry bore the royal arms of King Henry III, 
differenced by a bend azure. Upon his restoration, his difference changed, to a label 
France of three points (that is to say a label of three points azure each charged with 
three fleur-de-lys or.[7]
Henry is a supporting character in Les Rois maudits (The Accursed Kings), a series of 
French historical novels by Maurice Druon. He was portrayed by William Sabatier (fr) 
in the 1972 French miniseries adaptation of the series, and by Romain Rondeau (fr) in 
the 2005 adaptation.[8]

Parents
PLANTAGENET Edmund "Crouchback" (16 Jan 1244 - 5 Jun 1296)
D'ARTOIS Blanche (1248 - 2 May 1302)

Siblings
PLANTAGENET Henry (1281 - 22 Sep 1345)

Marriage To DE CHAWORTH Maud (2 Feb 1282 - 3 Dec 1322)
    m. BEF 2 Mar 1297 

Notes

Parents
DE CHAWORTH Patrick (ABT 1250 - BEF 7 Jul 1283)
DE BEAUCHAMP Isabel (ABT 1263 - BEF 30 May 1306)

Children by DE CHAWORTH Maud 2 Feb 1282 - 3 Dec 1322
PLANTAGENET Maud "of Lancaster" (ABT 1310 - 5 May 1377)
PLANTAGENET Eleanor (ABT 1311 - 11 Jan 1372)
PLANTAGENET Joan "of Lancaster" (ABT 1312 - 7 Jul 1349)
PLANTAGENET Mary "of Lancaster" (1320 - 1 Sep 1362)

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