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Birth:          ABT  938 
Death:          Mar  981 

Notes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandulf_Ironhead
Pandulf I Ironhead[1] (died March 981) was the Prince of Benevento and Capua from 
943 (or 944) until his death. He was made Duke of Spoleto and Camerino in 967 and 
succeeded as Prince of Salerno in 977 or 978. He was an important nobleman in the 
fight with the Byzantines and Saracens for control of the Mezzogiorno in the centuries 
after the collapse of Lombard and Carolingian authority on the Italian Peninsula. He 
established himself over almost the whole of the southern half of Italia before his 
death in March 981.

His mother was Yvantia. He co-reigned with his father, Landulf II, from 943, when his 
grandfather Landulf I died, and with his brother Landulf III from 959. Sometime about 
955, Pope John XII led an army of Romans, Tuscans, and Spoletans against Landulf II 
and Pandulf, but Gisulf I of Salerno came to their rescue and no battle was given. The 
pope and Gisulf made a treaty at Terracina. Gisulf and Pandulf had a strong alliance 
after that.

In 961, Landulf II died and Pandulf and his brother became sole princes, though the 
elder Pandulf was by far the more domineering. The Chronicum Salernitanum affirms 
the co-regency, however, and the principle of the indivisibility of the united Capua-
Benevento as declared by Atenulf I in 900, when it says Beneventanorum principatum 
eius filii Pandolfum et Landulfum bifarie regebant . . . communi indivisoque iure, that is 
"the Beneventan principality was reigned in jointly by Pandulf and Landulf under 
indivisible common jurisdiction." However, this system eventually collapsed and 
Pandulf ruled in Capua while Landulf ruled in Benevento. The Chronicum says Pandulf 
tenuit principatum una cum suo germanus annos octo, that is, "held the principality 
solely with his brother for eight years."

Late in 965, a rebellion in Rome overthrew Pope John XIII, who was arrested and 
carted off to imprisonment in Campania. Whether he escaped or was released, he 
arrived in Capua not much later, seeking the protection of Pandulf, who gladly gave it. 
In return, and for the favour of the citizens, he erected Capua into an archdiocese 
and gave Pandulf's brother John the pallium. After ten months of exile, another revolt 
in Rome gave opportunity for return and Pandulf sent the pope back with a Capuan 
escort.

In 967, the Emperor Otto I came down to Rome and granted Pandulf the vacant Duchy 
of Spoleto of Camerino and charged him with prosecuting the war against the 
Byzantine Empire. Pandulf and Landulf introduced Prince Gisulf of Salerno to the 
emperor at this time. They then took part in the imperial campaign of 968, but Landulf 
retired in illness and died at Benevento leaving two sons: Pandulf and Landulf. Even 
though Pandulf was with the emperor on the border of Calabria when news of 
Landulf's death reached him, he quickly returned to Benevento and associated with 
him his own eldest son Landulf, who was crowned prince in the church of Sancta 
Sophia, before rejoining the imperial campaign. In that year, Otto left the siege of Bari 
in the charge of Pandulf, but the Lombard was captured in the Battle of Bovino (969) 
by the Byzantines and jailed in Constantinople. In 970, during his absence, the 
Byzantines besieged Capua and Marinus II of Naples ravaged the countryside. He was 
released later in the deal in which the Byzantine emperor John Tzimisces gave 
Theophanu in marriage to Otto's son Otto II. During his absence, the great principality 
had been administered by Landulf I, Archbishop of Benevento, and the young Landulf, 
with help from his mother, Pandulf's wife, Aloara. Benevento had been made an 
archdiocese in 969.

In the 960s, Byzantium had been trying to supplant German influence in Salerno and 
to this end may have engineered the rebellion which temporarily unseated John XIII, a 
pro-German pope. Prince Gisulf of Salerno, however, was allied both to the Greeks 
and to his Lombard neighbour Pandulf, whom he had rescued some years before and 
who was, in fact, staunchly pro-German and anti-Greek. When Gisulf was deposed 
and removed from office by Pandulf's cousin, Landulf of Conza, in 973, Pandulf 
restored Gisulf as his vassal. When Gisulf died childless in 977 or 978, Pandulf 
succeeded in Salerno as per their prior agreement. The policy of the Greeks was a 
thorough failure and Pandulf (and his Germans) was the winner in southern Italy. He 
had united all three of the Lombard principalities — Benevento, Capua, and Salerno — 
and had even gained Spoleto and Camerino. He ruled a large bloc of territories that 
stretched as far north as Tuscany and as far south as the Gulf of Taranto.[2]

In 978, Pandulf confirmed that the Sanctuary of Monte Sant'Angelo sul Gargano 
belonged the archbishopric of Benevento. This act was witnessed by two Byzantine 
officials.[3]

Pandulf's lands were partitioned among his sons, who fought endlessly over the 
inheritance. His son Landulf IV received Capua and Benevento and Pandulf II 
received Salerno. Otto II came down to Rome in 981, however, and Spoleto was given 
to Thrasimund IV, Duke of Camerino. Then, Pandulf's nephew Pandulf was given 
Benevento in a partition of Landulf's territory, in which Landulf kept Capua. Finally, 
Manso I of Amalfi dispossessed the younger Pandulf of Salerno and was confirmed by 
the Emperor.

Pandulf had several other sons: Landenulf, who succeeded Landulf IV in Capua; 
Laidulf, who succeeded Landenulf; and Atenulf, who died at the Battle of Stilo on 13 
July 982.

Parents
____ Landolfo II (ABT  915 - 27 May  961)
____ Wanzia (Yvantia) (ABT  915 - )

Siblings
____ Pandulph I "Ironhead" (ABT  938 - Mar  981)
____ Landolfo III (ABT  940 -  969)
____ Sikelgaita (ABT  942 - )

Marriage To ----- ----- ()
    m.  

Notes


Children by ----- ----- 
____ Laidulf (ABT  970 - )

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